X d detachable wheel



15,357 a SHEETS-SHEET 2.

J. V. PUGH.

DETAGHABLE WHEEL.

APPLlCATON FILED FEB. 28,192. Ressued May 16, 1922.

, John Ver-non Pug/7 l BJ//ZZQLMWLLWe/A/ vnarran STATES:

PATENT orifice.

JOHN v'EnNoN PUGH. or covENTRY, ENGLAND. AssIGNoB. BY MEsN'E ASSIGNMENTS,

TO WIRE WHEEL CORPORATION OF AMERICA. A CORPORATION OF NEW YORK.

lDETACHABLE WHEEL. y

Specification of Reissued Letters Patent. Rpgsued 313V 16, 192g Original No. 1,296,316, dated March 4, 1919, Serial No. 681,760, filed March 5, 19.12. Application for reissue tiled February 28,

Be it known that l. JoiiN Vnimox lroii. a subject ot' the King ot' (lreat Britain and li'eland. and residing at (luiting House.` Allesley. Coventry. in the county of \Var wick. England. have invented certain new and uselul .improvements in and-Relating to Detachable Wheels. o'tl which the following is :i lspecilication.

This invention relates to detachable wheels oi the type in which an outer or detachable huh part. is sleeved upon and Aengaged so as to revolve with an inner or permanent huh part heilig held thereon hy means ot a mit part or equivalent screwed memher.

The object ot' the invention is to render the securing oi the nut or screwed niemlier which holds the outer upon the inner huh 'part independent. ot' the action oit the ratchets or other additional locking device. which have hitherto heen regarded as essential in practice to insure safety.

It is well knownthat itI two solids of revolution. cylinders. cones. screw-thleiuled clvlinders or the like are put together one inside the other the innei' one must lie smaller than the outer one and consequently must 'he ot' shorter circumference and under conditions that keep the two parts in contact at one iixed point and substantially out ot' contact at the dianietrically opposite fixed, point. if either of the two parts he revolved then the other part will revolve also and the speeds of i'evoliition ot the two parts will he proportional inversely? to the relative lengths of their cii'cuinterences the inner part revolving faster than the outer pai't.

The invention consists iii-applying this principle so 'as to obtain automatic retention ot detachable outer huhparts on inner huh parts indiscriininateliv on either side of a vehicle.

lThe invention also consists in the im- 4provenients in detacliahle wheels as hereinafter indicated. v v

Referring now to the accompanying drawings i Figure l is a diagram illustrating the principle upon lwhich the invention is hased.

Figure 2 is a )lan ot a motor car to which this invention is applied. titted with tour detachable wheels and carrying a spare wheel 1921. Serial No. 448,590.

part interchangeable with anv one of the four. I

Figure 3 shows the outside ends of a pair hut showing a modified "t'oi'in of the invenp tion. Y

.In Figure 1 the circles A-B represent-the cross section ot' two solids of revolution fitting the one within the other, the necessary clearance heilig exaggerated for the' sake ot' clearness. It these two bodies are pressed together in a vertical direction as indicated by the arrows C--D and the one A is `revolved in the directioi'i of the arrow E. then the other B will he driven bv it and will revolve as indicated by the arrow F. but atea higher speed of revolution in the ratio ot' the diameter A to the diameter B.

ll'hen applying the foregoing to a detachable wheel huluconstruction. the nut part which is provided with circumferential engaging surta-ces forming solids of revolution has each pressed by the weight of theA car tightl;v in contact with one of two other solids o'tl revolution in the shape o-f the engaging surfaces ot'- tlie inner and 'out/er parts.' the two former having of necessiti the saineangular velocity when revolving` The nut part willduring joint revolutionof the parts tend to move forward or backward relative to either one of the two hub parts according to whether it is in contact with an internally disposed or an externally disposed circumferential engaging surface thereof, so that if; it engages a similarly disposed surface of each huh part its motion isfthey result of the sinn ot' the .t'rictionaldriving effect of hoth. It'. on the other hand. i1 .inut Hart is t'oriiied to he in contact with an internally disposed surface ot one hub part and an externallyv disposed surface of the other. then the two frietional driving eil'ects will be opposed to one another and the motion ofthe nutD partis the result of their diiierence.

. yikccording to a third alternative, tlife frictional driving effect oitoneoithe hub parts may be practically eliminated vby arrangingl *friction reducing` n'leans between its circurnferential "eigagingh surface and'f tlie ycorrespending engaging surface of' the nut part. The present applicationy describes` only cases of .the first typen which the movement of thexnnt is the result. of the sum of the two driving eft'ects acting in the saine direction. The other eases are describedin applications Serial Nos. 710481 and 719207..'y

. ln ycarryingr,this .invention intoe'ect in one form, as shown by way of' example in Figure 3,' an outer hub part, c, is mounted upon an inner hub part, b, some usual known form of engaging means such as serrations ortho like, being provided so that the two the groove bears npon the coned siirface rparte rotate together. A. moderately coned centering abutmentis provided l'the inside end of the inner hub and the outside end .of the inner hub part is made. to project beyond the end ol the outer huh part? and is provided with an emiternallyv facing .screw thread, i".y The external surface, m, of.. the end of the outer huh part is made of a slightly tapered conical forni the smaller diameter being at the outside end. The nui;`

c,` screws upon the thread, ci', prov-idealen the inner hub part, and has a circular V-'sliapd groove, g, on its inner side. one surface oix fm., of vthe" end ofthe outer hnh part while the surfaces, ,i andy L, are so arranged that they cannot come ,into contact., The ordinary `clearancej.between the inner and outer` hob Ipints `which is found necessary `to insure` an easy attachmentandrenioval oif the `detachable Vparte of the wheels is suchthat when the lock nutis'screwed up, a vertical, force due to gravity willfbe trairlsmitted through the` lockout from one hub part to the other. The contact hetivveeirthe` inner hub part andthe nnt'will have the tendency to nmakethe" latter rotate. at a slower speed t n the former, owing to. the property; alrear; described and there Will alsobeyrlue to the contact between ythe nut and the outer part. a tendency :for

ttiefornier to. revolve at a slower speed than the latter. The inner and outer.hnbparts being.,rotatio1ially loclredutogetherw; hy the before mentioned engaggingnre-nis`A` and the tendency totrelative movement ot' .the 'nut withregard toboth of there.'beingl thel shine, ity` ill-be clear that by suitably `arranging' tlimhand` ,the thread employed, .the nut allay.. hencausedo' constantly4- to screw up or on tofgthe inner'hnb' part, and there will be noltendency for.; itto ymiscrevv or become loose.,

alfa righthanded eniployed upon ...thexleftihand side of thevehicle; anda left v handed thread npon the. right hand side,` the tecn both sidesnvillelways tend to tighten up and remain' in position upon` their respective inner hubs.

In carrying the invention into eifect in a modified. form, shown in Figure 4, the outerihub part, a, is made to projectA beyond the end 'of the .inner hub part, t, and` its ontside end', y', is slightly coned or bell-mouthed.

The Inner huh part, his provided with an internal serewthread, lz, and the nut, c, is formed with' an enlarged conical part, l, which lits Within the bell-niouthed portion,` j, and engages the surfaces l of the outer hub part, the inside end of the nut, screwing` into the internal thread, It, oi' the inner hnb part. ,y n

' By thisarrangexnent it is again possible to cause the tendencies to relative movement of the nut to be the same as regards direction with regard to both the inner and outer hub parts, dne'to the nature oif its contact therewith, the 'nut tending to revolve faster than both huh parte and to remain in its screwed up position as before described; in

this case a left hand thread is provided o n` the left-hand side ot the vehicle and a right hand thread on the righthand side..

In a further Inodiiication shown in Fig nre 5, the inner hub part. o, is provided ivith an external thread.v n, of' undercut or dovetail foi-1n1 upon which the nut screws. There is a clearance provided between the horizontal `pol-tiene of thescrew thread, so that rthe `nut cornes:` into contact with the thread only uponthe inclined or undercut surfaces, awhiclifforln oi contact ot the ,saine nature as an` internal thread. 'The' outside" end of the outerhubpart is bellfinouthed"7 as in the previous mod'ilication, and' the nut' .is provided with an enlarged end which Within this bell-niouth. y ln this way it'vrill be again clearythat the contact with the inner and outer hub parte both produce .the saine eiiect upon the nut and by the use oi'f suitablyhandcd threads which will he the` saine in the last arrangement, `this .effect may be tion, as previously described,

ln carrying;` this invention into effect in one forni as shown by way of example in Figures Qfand 3, the action is the saine as `described `in connection with Figure i; if

in this case a righthand thread is employed upon the right hand side oi' the vehicle, and

a lett handed thread upon the left hand side. the. lock mits on hotlisides will alvays tend to tighten up and todeiiiainin position with regziird to their respective inner lnlbs.I

I have found byexperimentthat the tight-` ening up of the lock nut will. continue until the outer hub part is more nearly coni'xentric with the inner .hub part and the jjircssure between the contacting surfaces so great. that the additional force ot' gravity isnot suilicient to produce much difference in the.; disposition of the lock not relative to the'liub parts. and that when this has taken place reversal of the vehicle to a far t@greater extent than is customary does not loosen the wheels. l

In the form of the invention already described, it willA be seen that the lock nuts, as well as the. inner hub parts for opposite sides of a'vehiele, are dissimilar to one another havingr a. right hand'tliread on one side of the vehicle and a left hand thread on the other; a nut Cannot therefore be attached. to and carried about by the outer hub oi the wheel which is applicable vto either si'de of the vehicle, but iii a modified forni of the invention as shown in Figure T, the lock mit 0 is retained in` connection with the oiitei" hub part-a by the withdrawal ring*r d which iskept from loosening by the grub screw e.

The lock nut when tightened up abiits against an external eoned surface fm formed at the end of the outer hub part and it is provided witha portion ot' a right hand thread f' and a portion of a left hand thread g, which portions are 4of different diameters 'and can engage external threads of the correct hand provided on the inner hub parts' ontopposite sides of the vehicle, so that in this instance only the inner hub parts are dissimilar to one another for opposite sides of a vehicle andthe outer hub parts and n'tits artl alike on both. sides. The lock iiutin'this modification is external to the surfaces of revolutions with which it `contacts on both` the innei: and outer hub parts, and itvwill` in accordance with the principle already de.- seribed,` revolve at a" slightly slower speed than the hub parts during joint revolution. If the inner hub parts are provided with a right hand thread on the left hand side of the vehicle and a left hand thread on the right hand side, the lock nuts will always be tightened up and retained in position.V The right hand thread f is made of such a dialneter that it will pass over the left hand thread on the inner hub part without engaging therewith.

As stated in describing the form of the invention' shown in Figure t. a lock nut wliith engages with'l internal surfaces of the hub parts requires a ripjlit hand thread upon the right hand side of' the vehicle. while in describing Figure 3 it isv shown that the one that contacts with external surfaces engages .with a right hand thread uponfthe left hand side of the vehicle. lf therefore the internal type of lock nutis employed upon one side l of the vehicle`r and the external type upon the other-side. the screw threads may-be of the sangieh'a'nd upon both sides of the vehicle .and thius anyA confusion in tightening` or unserewing the loelr nuts upon opposite sides will be avoided. ln this case one spare in.-

he applicable vto either sideI of the vehicle.

It will be seen that by the use of this invention a spare wheel part which is interchangeable with any of the like detachable wheel parts of, a vehicle, is automatically and safely retained 'in position as soon as the lock nuts have been screwed up. and that no spring or hand operated pawls or catches with the attendant ratchet teeth or castellatioiis are necessary to prevent the lock mit from workiiigiv loose. Furthei;y any ordinary Spanner of the correct size may be used for thel lock nut and no special pawl releasing devices are required; the spaiiiier may also be. instantly applied to the lock mit for :tightening or uiiserewingi' without the pre` 'rions manipulation of any catches or pawls;

it is therefore foolpi'oof. i

It will also be clear that many `modifications inaybe made in this invention and in the manner of carrying it into effect without in any way departing from the spirit of tl'ie same,

Having now described my invention` what I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent iszl. Iii combination iii a detachable wheel two hub parts sleeved and connected to revolve together but subject to slight eccentric displacement. a circular nut subjected duringr said displaceiiient to opposed radial forces imposed by said hub parts upon diametrically opposite sides of the his, Whereby said nut/rotatesfmelative to ',Said parts during joint revoliitioi'i..and screw threads so handed that the relative rotation tightens up the ynut during forward movement.

2. In combination in vehicle wheels an inner hub-part for the right-hand sidey of a vehicle, an inner hub part for the lefthand side. an outer hub pait which can be sleeved indiscriminately upon. either inner hub part`r means ensuringr simultaneous revolution of the outer and an inner hub partwhen sleeved one upon the other but permitting a substantially uniform eccentric,

displacement of their axes in the saine direction during revolution under toi-tional stress` a nut paitV for retaining' the outer hub part upon .each inner hub part, a pair of complementary circunifereiitial surfaces whereby a nut part and an inner hub part engage 'one another and a pair of such sur faces whereby a nut part and an outer hub part engage one another`r said surfaces boinar so disposed that a mit' 'part transmits radial force while retainingr one hub part upon the other and diie to the eccentric displacement also undergoes angular displacement relative to said two hub parts during revolution lof a wheel, at least one of said pairs of surfaces beingscrew-threaded and at least one pair for the right hand side differing from an equivalent pair for the left-hand side', so

that relative angular displacement during retaining Said outer upon said inner hub parts and `complementary surfaces one at least of .of the vehicle is secured.

10. In a detachable wheel the combination of lan inner hub part, an outer hub part mounted on said inner hub part to revolve therewith but subject vto a slight eccentric displacement, and a nut pressed ti'rhtly in contact with both said eccentrically displaced hub )arts and given a rotative movement by the driving effect from both said parts, said nut engaging a similarly vdisposed surface of each hub part sothat the rotative movement transmitted to said nut isV the slim ofA the drivin effects of both parts acting in the same c irection. Y l

11. In a detachable Wheel the combination of an inner hub part', an 'outer hub part molnted on said innerhub'part to revolve ther'ewith but subject to aslight eccentric displacement, 'and a nut having/one surface contacting one side of said inner hub part and a second surface contacting a similarly i disposed side of said outer hub part Where` by said nut has altendency te rotate relatively surfaces and its Contactin lhub part having a suitably arranged threat ed engagement so that the relative rotation of the nut and hub parts tends to tighten up the nut during the forward movement of v"the whee1.-'

12. In a detachable wheel-the'combination of an inner hub part, an outer hub part mounted on said Inner hub part to revolve f therewith but subject to a`slight eccentric disl'ilacement, and a lnut having one surface contacting one side ofsaid inne'rhub'part and a second surfaceontacting a` similarly disposed-side of said outer hub pa"rtwhere` by said nut has Aa tendency to rotate rela- .tively to both said hub parts, one ofsaid surfaces and its contacting hub part being tapered and the other of said surfaces and its contacting hub part having a suitably arranged threaded engagement so that the relative rotation of the nut and hub parts tends `to tighten up the nut during the forward to both said hub parts, one of saidy toboth said hub parts, the nut and inner hub part contacting surfaces 'having suitably arranged threaded vengagement so that the relative rotation of the nut and hub parts tends to tighten up the nut during the forward movement of the wheel.

14. In a detachable wheel the combination of an inner hub' part, an outer hub part mounted on said inner hub part to revolve therewith but subject to slight eccentric displacement` and a nut having one surface contacting one side of inner hub part and 'a second surface contacting a similarly'dis- 'posed slde of said outer hub part whereby said nuthas a tendency to rotate relatively -to both said hub parts, the nut and outer hub part contacting surfaces being 4tapered and the nut and inner hub part contacting surfaces having a suitably arranged threaded engagement so that the relative rotation of the Vnut and hub parts tends to tighten up the nut during the forward movement of thewheel.

15. In a detachabl'e yWheel the lcombination of an inner hub part, an outer hub part mounted on said inner hub partto revolve ytherewith but subject to slight eccentric displacement, said inner hub part having its outer end threaded and said outer hub part having its outer ,end tapered and a nut having a threaded surface to engage the threaded end of said inner hub part and a tapered surface to engage the tapered end of outer hub pai-t, lboth lthreaded and tapered surfaces of said nut being similarly disposed` whereby said nut has a tendency to rotate relatively to both hub parts, said tendency being the 'sum of the k riving effects between th'e nut ,andI inner hub part v andthe nut and outer hub part in the same direction.

`16. In `a detachable wheel the combination ofan inner hub part, `an outer hub part mounted on said inner hub part to revolve therewith but subject to slight eccentric displacement, said inner hub part having its outer end externally threaded, said outer hub part having its outer end -Aexternally tapered(` and a nut having an internal threaded surface to engage the eX- tcrnally threaded end ot said inner hub part, and an internally tapered surface to engage the externallyy` tapered end of the outer hub part whereby said nut has a tend; "ency to rotate relatively`"to"botl1 hub parts,

said tendency being the sum of the driving effects between the nut and inner hub part and the nut au'Zl outer hub part in the same direction. y

17. In a detachable Wheel the combinatilm of an inner hub part having an eX- ternally screw-threaded outer end, an outer hub part mounted on said inner hub part, means insuring simultaneous rotation of said parts buty permitting eccentricity of screw-threaded surface engaging the screwthreaded end 'of said inner huh and an 1nternal. surface engaging the outer side of the end of said outer hub part.'

18. In detachaiile Wheel the combination ot an inner heb part, an outer 'huh part mounted onl said inner huh part,j' a coned alnitment at the inside end. of said inner huh vpart on which said outer heb part rests, means insuring 'simultaneous rotation oi said parts but permitting eceentricitl.'V of their axes, the outer end `of said inner hub part `having an externally facingr screwv thread, and a` nut having an internally screw-threaded part engaging the outer end of said inner hub part and provided with a circular groove on the inner side inte which the outer end of 4said outer huh part projects with the nut contracting l with the onterside of Said huh part.

19. ln combination an inner huh part of 4a detachable Wheel for the right side ot a vehicle, an outer part sleeved on said inner 25 part, means )insuring simultanemis revolu tiol'iof said parts but permitting eccentricity of their axes, a circumferential engagging snrfa'e' to each of said parts, at least one oi" said surfaces being screwthreaded, a nut part, circumferential engaging surfaces to said nut, complementary to said huh surfaces 'whereby it transmits radial `torres While retaining one upon aoresaid and with the onter and nut parts interchangeable vWith said right hand' outer and nut parts but With engaging' surfaces so differentiated' that the relative rotation upon forward ymovement of a Vehicle tightens the nut upon each side,"

20. In combination an inner nulo part for the right hand side and 'onefor the left hand side of a vehicle, screw threads in connection with said parte, anddissirnilar for the two sides, an onterhuh part indiscriminately fitting upon either inner part, and` screw threads in connection with said outer part complementary vto the two dissimilar threads or' said inner parts. n A 2l. In combination an inner huh part for the right hand side and 'one for the left hand side of a vehicle, screw threads on both said parts and dissimilar for the two sides, an outer huby part indiscriminately 'fitting upon either inner hnb part1 and a. nut provided with two sets of 'screw threads complementary to the two dissimilar threads ci' saidv inner huh parts Jfor securing said outer heb part to an inner hub part oneither'side of the vehicle.`

In testimony` whereof I name to "this specification.

JonN Vennen PUGH.

have `signed my 

